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BREN­DAN BO­HAN­N­AN: "Host-Mi­cro­bio­mes as Me­ta­com­mu­nities"

Ein­la­dung

25.09.2019
Bre­men

Mittwoch, 25 . September 2019

im Hör­saal 2 (4012), 15 Uhr 

BRENDAN BOHANNAN  (University of Oregon, Eugene, USA)

gibt ein Se­mi­nar mit dem Ti­tel:
"Host-Microbiomes as Metacommunities: Ecological and Evolutionary Implications"

Zu­sam­men­fas­sung

Back­ground: Hu­mans and other ani­mals are chi­me­ric crea­tu­res, co­ve­r­ed in­si­de and out with­mi­cro­or­ga­nisms. The­se mi­cro­bes are collec­tive­ly known as an in­di­vi­dual’s ‘mi­cro­bio­me’,and va­ria­ti­on in mi­cro­bio­me com­po­si­ti­on across in­di­vi­du­als has been lin­ked to va­ria­ti­on in­host health and well-being.

The­re is gro­wing evi­dence that dis­per­sal among mi­cro­bio­mes isan im­portant dri­ver of this va­ria­ti­on. To bet­ter un­der­stand how dis­per­sal in­ter­acts with other­fac­tors to de­ter­mi­ne the com­po­si­ti­on of host-mi­cro­bio­mes, me­ta­com­mu­ni­ty theo­ry has­re­cent­ly been ap­p­lied to host-mi­cro­bio­mes. Me­ta­com­mu­ni­ty theo­ry po­sits that the dy­na­mics­wi­t­hin any lo­cal group of in­ter­ac­ting spe­cies (a com­mu­ni­ty) are go­ver­ned both by pro­ces­sest­hat oc­cur wi­t­hin the com­mu­ni­ty and by the pro­cess of dis­per­sal which links com­mu­nitiesto­ge­ther. The re­la­ti­ve strengths of dis­per­sal and wi­t­hin-com­mu­ni­ty dy­na­mics crea­te dif­fe­rent­pat­terns of di­ver­si­ty and spe­cies com­po­si­ti­on across space and time.{re­fe­rence: Mil­ler et al. 2018 TREE}.

Sum­ma­ry: In my talk, I will pre­sent evi­dence for the hy­po­the­sis that host-mi­cro­bio­mes act as­me­ta­com­mu­nities. I will then dis­cuss ex­am­ples of the eco­lo­gi­cal im­pli­ca­ti­ons of this­hy­po­the­sis. I will fo­cus on the role of the en­vi­ron­ment ex­ter­nal to hosts (the “ma­trix” in­me­ta­com­mu­ni­ty theo­ry) as a me­dia­tor of dis­per­sal, and how it can shape the eco­lo­gi­cal traits­of host-as­so­cia­ted mi­cro­or­ga­nisms. I will end with a dis­cus­sion of the evo­lu­tio­na­ry­im­pli­ca­ti­ons of host-mi­cro­bio­mes as me­ta­com­mu­nities, in­clu­ding re­cent theo­ry re­gar­ding the­con­di­ti­ons ne­cessa­ry for coe­vo­lu­ti­on and how dis­per­sal among host-mi­cro­bio­mes may al­low“collec­tive in­heri­t­an­ce” of mi­cro­bio­me traits. {re­fe­rence: Mil­ler & Bo­han­n­an 2019 Fron­tiers in Eco­lo­gy and Evo­lu­ti­on}.

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